Óscares, cinema e anti-americanismo

Se há uma coisa que nunca compreendi é toda a excitação que por vezes há nos meios de comunicação social portugueses acerca dos Óscares. É certo que eu não sou um grande amante de cinema, embora goste de ver aquilo que considero serem bons filmes. Sou que aquilo que considero bons filmes, frequentemente, não são os filmes mais vistos, nem os mais aplaudidos pela crítica (isto independentemente de se tratarem de filmes americanos, europeus ou de qualquer outra origem). Em resumo, o cinema está longe de ser a minha arte preferida.

Todavia, apesar de o cinema não ser a minha arte preferida, nunca escreveria aquilo que escreveu Georges Duhamel (1884-1966), escritor francês, em Scènes de la vie future (1930):

C'est un divertissement d'ilotes, un passe-temps d'illettrés de créatures misérables, ahuries par leur besogne et leurs soucis. C’est, savamment empoisonnée, la nourriture d'une multitude que les Puissances de Moloch ont jugée, condamnée et qu'elles achèvent d'avilir.

Un spectacle qui ne demande aucun effort, qui ne suppose aucune suite dans les idées, ne soulève aucune question, n'aborde sérieusement aucun problème, n'allume aucune passion, n'éveille au fond des cœurs aucune lumière, n'excite aucune espérance, sinon celle, ridicule, d'être un jour " star " à Los Angeles.

Le dynamisme même du cinéma nous arrache les images sur lesquelles notre songerie aimerait s'arrêter. Les plaisirs sont offerts au public sans qu'il ait besoin d'y participer autrement que par une molle et vague adhésion. Ces plaisirs se succèdent avec une rapidité fébrile, si fébrile mêmele public n'a presque jamais le temps de comprendre ce qu'on lui glisse sous le nez. Tout est disposé pour que l'homme n'ait pas lieu de s'ennuyer, surtout ! Pas lieu de faire acte d'intelligence, pas lieu de discuter, de réagir, de participer d'une manière quelconque. Et cette machine terrible, compliquée d'éblouissements, de luxe, de musique, de voix humaines, cettemachine d'abêtissement et de dissolution compte aujourd'hui parmi les plus étonnantes forces du
monde.

J'affirme qu'un peuple soumis pendant un demi-siècle au régime actuel des cinémas américains s'achemine vers la pire décadence. J'affirme qu'un peuple hébété par des plaisirs fugitifs, épidermiques, obtenus sans le moindre effort intellectuel, j'affirme qu'un tel peuple se trouvera, quelque jour, incapable de mener à bien une œuvre de longue haleine et de s'élever, si peu que ce soit, par l'énergie de la pensée. J'entends bien que l'on m'objectera les grandes entreprises de l'Amérique, les gros bateaux, les grands buildings. Non !Un building s'élève de deux ou trois étages par semaine. Il a fallu vingt ans à Wagner pour construire la Tétralogie, une vie à Littré pour édifier son dictionnaire.

Jamais
invention ne rencontra, dès son aurore, intérêt plus général et plus ardent. Le cinéma est encore dans son enfance, je le sais. Mais le monde entier lui a fait crédit. Le cinématographe a, dès son début, enflammé les imaginations, rassemblé des capitaux énormes, conquis la collaboration des savants et des foules, fait naître, employé, usé des talents innombrables, variés, surprenants. Il a déjà son martyrologe. Il consomme une effarante quantité d'énergie, de courage et d'invention. Tout cela pour un résultat dérisoire. Je donne toute la bibliothèque cinématographique du monde, y compris ce que les gens de métier appellent pompeusement leurs " classiques ", pour une pièce de Molière, pour un tableau de Rembrandt, pour une fugue de Bach…

Toutes les œuvres qui ont tenu quelque place dans ma vie, toutes les œuvres d'art dont la connaissance a fait de moi un homme, représentaient, d'abord, une conquête. J'ai dû les aborder de haute lutte et les mériter après une fervente passion. Il n'y a pas lieu, jusqu'à nouvel ordre, de conquérir l'œuvre cinématographique. Elle ne soumet notre esprit et notre cœur à nulle épreuve. Elle nous dit tout de suite tout ce qu'elle sait. Elle est sans mystère, sans détours, sans tréfonds, sans réserves. Elle s’évertue pour nous combler et nous procure toujours une pénible sensation d'inassouvissement. Par nature, elle est mouvement ; mais elle nous laisse immobiles, appesantis et comme paralytiques.

Beethoven, Wagner, Baudelaire, Mallarmé, Giorgione, Vinci – je cite pêle-mêle, j’en appelle six, il y en a cent, voilà vraiment l'art. Pour comprendre l'œuvre de ces grands hommes, pour en exprimer, en humer le suc, j'ai fait, je fais toujours des efforts qui m'élèvent au-dessus de moi-même et qui comptent parmi les plus joyeuses victoires de ma vie. Le cinéma parfois m'a diverti, parfois même ému ; jamais il ne m'a demandé de me surpasser. Ce n’est pas un art, ce n'est pas l'art.

É claro que Georges Duhamel sofria de um mal que muito intelectual francês, de direita ou de esquerda, sofre ainda: o anti-americanismo. (continua)

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Anónimo disse…
Concordo com o teor do post. No entanto, o texto transcrito é muito interessante. O cinema adquiriu um estatuto de importância que não tem correspondência com a valia da grande maioria dos filmes que se produzem. De resto, isso é um traço comum a outras artes populares (ex: a música "ligeira" ou "pop" ou "rock"...) e está em consonância natural com um tempo de avidez de fruições rápidas e pouca disponibilidade para reflectir. Mesmo assim, felizmente há filmes muito bons (continuam a fazer-se alguns). Por vezes, os Óscares têm a ver com eles...
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